07.0 SCIENCE

The Nature Of Science: Students will experience an inquiry-based learning environment in which they are free to ask questions, seek information and validate explanations in thoughtful and creative ways. Students also will understand that the processes, ways of knowing and conceptual foundations of science are interdependent and inextricably bound.

Note: Grade level is indicated in the 4th digit in the standard number
GRADESPRE-KINDERGARTEN thru 4
07.0.1.0.1 Students will recognize (in Grades K-2) that when a scientific investigation is done in the same way in different places or when repeated many times, the investigation generally has the same results
07.0.1.0.2 Students will raise questions (in Grades K-2) about their surroundings and seek answers by making careful observations and trying things out
07.0.1.0.3 Students will recognize (in Grades K-2) that tools such as thermometers, magnifiers, rulers and balances often give more information than can be obtained by making observations without them
07.0.1.0.4 Students will describe things as accurately as possible (in Grades K-2) because careful, complete observations enable people to compare their observations with those of others
07.0.1.0.5 Students will use their senses (in Grades K-2), i.e., sight, taste, sound, touch, smell, to make observations about the natural world and discuss their findings
07.0.1.0.6 Students will use open-minded and willing to modify opinions based upon evidence
07.0.1.0.7 Students will design and conduct (both in groups and individually) simple experiments, keep accurate records of their findings, and communicate their findings to others using graphs, charts, maps, and oral and written reports
07.0.1.0.8 Students will use evidence and logical reasoning as a basis for decision making
07.0.1.0.9 Students will recognize that scientists' explanations about what happens in the world come partly from what they observe and partly from what they believe
07.0.1.0.10 Students will recognize that sometimes scientists have different explanations for the same set of observations, which usually leads to additional observations to resolve the differences
07.0.1.0.11 Students will recognize that measuring instruments can be used to gather accurate information for making scientific comparisons of objects and events and for designing and constructing things that will work properly.
GRADES5 thru 8
07.0.1.5.1 Students will conduct scientific investigations which generally involve the collection of relevant evidence, the use of logical reasoning and creativity in devising hypotheses and explanations to make sense of the evidence
07.0.1.5.2 Students will identify and control variables in experiments
07.0.1.5.3 Students will evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of claims, arguments or data
07.0.1.5.4 Students will recognize that a variety of experimental designs and strategies can be developed to answer the same question
07.0.1.5.5 Students will use appropriate technology as a tool in problem solving
07.0.1.5.6 Students will accept the open-endedness of scientific findings are not always definite or complete
07.0.1.5.7 Students will use scientific knowledge and ways of thinking in personal decision making.
GRADES9 thru 12
07.0.1.9.1 Students will gather and synthesize information concerning a problem
07.0.1.9.2 Students will generate and revise hypotheses based upon empirical data and the requirements of logical reasoning
07.0.1.9.3 Students will interpret the results of experimentation using statistical reasoning
07.0.1.9.4 Students will critique scientific experiments or research by seeking out possible sources of bias in the design and analysis of data
07.0.1.9.5 Students will suggest alternative ways of explaining data and criticize arguments in which data, explanations or conclusions are represented as the only ones worthy of consideration
07.0.1.9.6 Students will prepare and present oral and written scientific reports that communicate in a logical sequence the process, results and validity of scientific experiments and research.
07.0.10.0.1 Students will recognize (in grades K-2) that there are more stars in the sky than anyone can easily count, they are randomly distributed, and they vary in brightness or color
07.0.10.0.2 Students will understand (in grades K-2) that the sun can be seen only in the daytime, but the moon can be seen sometimes at night and sometimes during the day
07.0.10.0.3 Students will know (in grades K-2) that the sun, moon, and stars all appear to move slowly across the sky
07.0.10.0.4 Students will describe (in grades K-2) how the moon looks a little different every day, but looks the same about every four weeks
07.0.10.0.5 Students will describe (in grades K-2) how the astronauts use spacecraft for travel and how some astronauts have even traveled to the moon and back
07.0.10.0.6 Students will know that the patterns of stars in the sky appear to stay the same, although they appear to move across the sky nightly, and different star patterns (constellations) can be seen in different seasons
07.0.10.0.7 Students will understand that telescopes magnify the appearance of the moon, the planets and stars
07.0.10.0.8 Students will know that the Earth is one of several planets that orbit the sun, and that the moon orbits the Earth
07.0.10.0.9 Students will know that stars are like the sun, some being smaller and some larger, but they are at such great distances that they look like points of light
07.0.10.0.10 Students will recognize that the rotation of the Earth on its axis every 24 hours produces the night-and-day cycle
07.0.10.0.11 Students will recognize that information and photographs from orbiting spacecraft have added to our knowledge of the Earth and the universe.
07.0.10.5.1 Students will understand that, to people living on the Earth, the 24-hour period of rotation of the Earth makes it seem as though the sun, moon, planets and stars are orbiting the Earth once a day
07.0.10.5.2 Students will recognize that the sun is a medium-sized star located near the edge of a disk-shaped galaxy of stars, that the universe contains many millions of galaxies, and that each galaxy contains many billions of stars
07.0.10.5.3 Students will describe the solar system as consisting of nine planets, different in size, composition and surface features, which all revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits
07.0.10.5.4 Students will understand that the moon's orbit around the Earth changes how much of the lighted portion of the moon can be seen from the Earth
07.0.10.5.5 Students will realize that the planets change their positions change their positions against the background of stars
07.0.10.5.6 Students will recognize that the mutual gravitational attraction of the Earth, moon and sun produces the ocean's tides
07.0.10.5.7 Students will understand that many artificial satellites now orbit the Earth and are used for a variety of purposes
07.0.10.9.1 Students will understand that the stars differ from each other in size, temperature and age, but they appear to be made up of the same elements that are found on the Earth and appear to behave according to the same physical principles
07.0.10.9.2 Students will state that on the basis of scientific evidence, the universe is expanding and is estimated to be well over 15 billion years old
07.0.10.9.3 Students will describe how increasingly sophisticated technology is used to learn about the universe (e.g., visual, radio and X-ray telescopes)
07.0.10.9.4 Students will understand that mathematical models and computer simulations are used in studying evidence from many sources in order to form a more comprehensive scientific account of the universe
07.0.10.9.5 Students will recognize that orbiting instruments, such as the Hubble telescope, provide information about the universe that could not be gathered from the Earth's surface
07.0.10.9.6 Students will recognize that the solar system is part of a constantly changing universe in which stars are born, change and die
07.0.10.9.7 Students will understand that light from a star takes a very long time to reach the Earth and is actually a representation of its past location.
07.0.11.0.1 Students will describe (in grades K-2) materials by their physical properties (e.g., color, size, shape, texture, flexibility)
07.0.11.0.2 Students will organize (in grades K-2) objects in terms of the materials of which they are made (e.g., paper, cloth, clay)
07.0.11.0.3 Students will change the properties (in grades K-2) of some materials (e.g., dissolve salt, evaporate water) and recognize that not all materials respond in the same ways
07.0.11.0.4 Students will separate and classify objects (in grades K-2) using one or more of the properties of the object
07.0.11.0.5 Students will identify physical changes as changes in state or form
07.0.11.0.6 Students will recognize that a chemical change occurs when substances interact to form new materials with properties that differ from those of the original substances
07.0.11.0.7 Students will recognize that materials may be composed of parts to small to be seen
07.0.11.0.8 Students will create and separate mixtures
07.0.11.0.9 Students will gather data to show that the mass of a whole object is equal to the sum of the masses of its parts
07.0.11.0.10 Students will recognize that many substances can exist in different states (solid, liquid and gaseous) and some common substances, such as water, can be changed from one state to another by adding or removing heat from the material
07.0.11.0.11 Students will demonstrate that when substances change from one state to another, such as from a liquid to a solid, the total mass remains unchanged.
07.0.11.5.1 Students will use physical and chemical properties to classify and describe matter in terms of elements, compounds, mixtures, atoms and molecules
07.0.11.5.2 Students will show that, while the quantity of matter is conserved, changes in matter can result in the formation of new materials
07.0.11.5.3 Students will demonstrate that the kinetic molecular model of matter is useful in describing the structure and properties of solids, liquids and gases
07.0.11.5.4 Students will recognize that all matter is made up atoms which are too small to be seen directly through the microscope, but that indirect evidence can be used to construct a useful model of the atom
07.0.11.5.5 Students will recognize that atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion and that as the temperature of a substance increases, the average energy of motion also increases
07.0.11.5.6 Students will show how features such as the temperature and acidity of a solution can influence reaction rates
07.0.11.5.7 Students will give examples which show that changes in pressure, temperature or volume of a gas sample result in predictable changes in either or both of the other properties
07.0.11.5.8 Students will demonstrate that some properties (such as mass and volume) depend on the amount of material and some properties (such as density, melting point and boiling point) are independent of the amount of material.
07.0.11.9.1 Students will describe the nature of atoms and how atoms combine to form molecules
07.0.11.9.2 Students will explain how the chemical and physical properties of substances are related to their atomic and molecular structures
07.0.11.9.3 Students will use the Periodic Table to predict common properties of elements
07.0.11.9.4 Students will use chemical formulas and equations to obtain and communicate information about chemical changes
07.0.11.9.5 Students will recognize that the ability of a reaction to occur and the extent to which it proceeds depends on the relative stability of the reactants compared to the products and the conditions under which the reaction occurs
07.0.11.9.6 Students will understand and apply mathematical concepts, including dimensional analysis, to explore and describe chemical changes
07.0.12.0.1 Students will recognize (in grades K-2) forms of energy (e.g., heat, light, sound) used every day
07.0.12.0.2 Students will recognize (in grades K-2) that visible light contains the colors of the rainbow
07.0.12.0.3 Students will demonstrate (in grades K-2) demonstrate that sound can be produced by vibrating objects
07.0.12.0.4 Students will recognize (in grades K-2) that energy can be used to bring about changes in matter (e.g., melt an ice cube)
07.0.12.0.5 Students will demonstrate (in grades K-2) that sound has different properties (e.g., high-low, loud-soft)
07.0.12.0.6 Students will understand (in grades K-2) that the sun's rays warm objects on the Earth
07.0.12.0.7 Students will describe various forms of energy, such as light, heat, electrical and chemical, and cite examples of the change of one form into another
07.0.12.0.8 Students will recognize that sounds can be varied by making changes to the objects emitting the sound (e.g., tautness of a string, length of a tube, medium through which the sound travels)
07.0.12.0.9 Students will recognize that some materials conduct heat better than others, and that poor conductors (insulators) can reduce heat loss
07.0.12.0.10 Students will give examples of ways energy consumption can be reduced
07.0.12.0.11 Students will recognize that primary colors of light can be mixed to create other colors
07.0.12.0.12 Students will demonstrate that light has a number of properties, such as color, brightness and direction of travel
07.0.12.0.13 Students will demonstrate that light can be absorbed, reflected, transmitted and bent using mirrors and lenses.
07.0.12.5.1. Students will recognize that energy can neither be created nor destroyed
07.0.12.5.2 Students will identify energy transformations that occur in various systems (e.g., biological, mechanical, geological) and recognize that hat is a by product of energy transformations
07.0.12.5.3 Students will demonstrate that heat can be transferred by convection, conduction and radiation
07.0.12.5.4 Students will recognize that energy exists in many forms (e.g., light, heat, chemical, electrical and mechanical) and that energy can be transformed from one for to another
07.0.12.5.5 Students will understand that all physical changes, including changes of state, require energy
07.0.12.5.6 Students will recognize that the sun produces energy in a range of wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum
07.0.12.5.7 Students will compare and contrast different forms of energy in terms of their wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum.
07.0.12.9.1 Students will classify various forms of energy as either kinetic or potential
07.0.12.9.2 Students will recognize that heat energy is related to the disordered motion of atoms or molecules
07.0.12.9.3 Students will understand that the total amount of disorder in the universe is increasing
07.0.12.9.4 Students will explain that, although energy changes into different forms within a closed system, the total amount of energy remains unchanged, while the amount of useful energy is decreased
07.0.12.9.5 Students will describe the nature of different types of waves, how they are produced, and how they transfer energy
07.0.12.9.6 Students will understand that every objects exerts a gravitational force on every other object
07.0.12.9.7 Students will interpret the physical characteristics of sound, (including pitch and loudness) in terms of wave theory
07.0.13.0.1 Students will demonstrate (in grades K-2)that the position or motion of objects can be changed by pushing or pulling
07.0.13.0.2 Students will recognize (in grades K-2) that the motion of objects can be compared by describing the general direction or type of motion (straight line, zigzag, vibrating or circular) and relative speed
07.0.13.0.3 Students will demonstrate (in grades K-2) that magnets can move some objectives without touching them
07.0.13.0.4 Students will recognize (in grades K-2) that magnets attract or repel each other and attract a few kinds of metals
07.0.13.0.5 Students will demonstrate (in grades K-2) that objects fall to the ground unless supported
07.0.13.0.6 Students will give examples of some forces (e.g., magnetism, gravity) that can change the motion of objects without touching them
07.0.13.0.7 Students will recognize that the motion of an object can be described as a change in the position of the object with respect to another object or background
07.0.13.0.8 Students will demonstrate that magnetic and electrostatic forces may both attract and repel
07.0.13.5.1 Students will identify evidence that waves (e.g., light, sound, radiant) can transfer energy between two points
07.0.13.5.2 Students will demonstrate that objects have inertia and momentum
07.0.13.5.3 Students will recognize that the motion of one object can be described by measuring its position, direction and speed relative to another object
07.0.13.5.4 Students will illustrate that changes in the speed and direction of an object are due to forces which have magnitude and direction
07.0.13.5.5 Students will recognize that electric currents and magnets can exert a force on each other
07.0.13.5.6 Students will understand that a complete circuit is necessary in order for electric current to flow
07.0.13.9.1 Students will explain how the interactions between various energy forms and matter can produce physical, chemical and nuclear transformations
07.0.13.9.2 Students will observe, measure and represent mathematically the changes n the various energy forms taking place during the physical and chemical transformation of substances
07.0.13.9.3 Students will describe how energy changes can be related to structural processes and modifications at the atomic and molecular levels
07.0.13.9.4 Students will recognize that energy changes in atoms and molecules occur in fixed increments
07.0.13.9.5 Students will recognize that energy and new particles are released hen the nuclei of heavy atoms (e.g., uranium, plutonium) split
07.0.13.9.6 Students will explain how radiation and matter interact in terms of the absorption and emission of energy by individual atoms, molecules and their aggregates
07.0.13.9.7 Students will recognize that waves may interact with the materials they enter
07.0.13.9.8 Students will recognize the types of radiation (e.g., light, radio, microwave, X-ray) which comprise the electromagnetic spectrum
07.0.13.9.9 Students will understand the differences in the flow of electrical energy in conductors, semi-conductors and insulators
07.0.13.9.10 Students will recognize that accelerating electrical charges produce electromagnetic waves
07.0.14.0.1 Students will understand (in grades K-2) that people create tools (e.g., shovel, hand lens, pencil), to help them to do things better and to do some things that otherwise could not be done at all
07.0.14.0.2 Students will identify (in grades K-2) the contributions of science and technology to individuals and society
07.0.14.0.3 Students will recognize (in grades K-2) that simple machines can be used to help people do work
07.0.14.0.4 Students will describe the role and use of technological devices in everyday life (e.g., microwave ovens, telephones, VCRs)
07.0.14.0.5 Students will recognize possible negative consequences to people, other organisms or the environment, of technological solutions to specific problems
07.0.14.0.6 Students will understand that technology enables scientists and others to be observe the world, e.g., things that are too small or too far away to be seen without technology, the motion of objects that are moving very rapidly or are hardly moving at all
07.0.14.0.7 Students will identify alternative strategies to solve existing and potential environmental or technological problems
07.0.14.0.8 Students will describe activities in which students can participate that can benefit their communities (e.g., recycling, water conservation)
07.0.14.0.9 Students will recognize that technology extends the ability of people to change the world (e.g., to cut, shape or put together materials; to move things from one place to another, to extend the reach of hands, voices, senses and minds)
07.0.14.0.10 Students will identify careers that use science and technology
07.0.14.0.11 Students will understand that there are different types of simple machines.
07.0.14.5.1 Students will investigate and describe human uses of renewable and nonrenewable resources (e.g., forests, fossil fuels)
07.0.14.5.2 Students will explain interrelationships between science and technology (e.g., building a bridge, designing a better running shoe);
07.0.14.5.3 Students will describe how the use of technology can contribute to the solution of an individual or community problem (e.g., using oxygenated fuels to help reduce air pollution)
07.0.14.5.4 Students will recognize that science and technology cannot solve every problem faced by society
07.0.14.5.5 Students will describe how people use science and technology in their professions
07.0.14.5.6 Students will identify and analyze ways in which advances in science and technology have affected each other and society
07.0.14.5.7 Students will recognize that issues related to science technology and society often are complex and involve risk/benefit trade-offs
07.0.14.5.8 Students will understand that scientific advances may be misused and developed into technologies that have negative consequences
07.0.14.5.9 Students will identify technological advances that are reported in the media
07.0.14.5.10 Students will understand that engineers, architects and others who engage in design and technology use scientific knowledge to solve practical problems
07.0.14.9.1 Students will analyze benefits and limit costs and consequences involved in using technology or resources (e.g., X-rays, agricultural chemicals, natural gas reserves)
07.0.14.9.2 Students will analyze how the introduction of new technology has affected or could affect human activity (e.g., invention of the telescope, applications of modern telecommunications and bioengineering)
07.0.14.9.3 Students will recognize that technological innovations (e.g., the automobile) may produce unanticipated problems of their own
07.0.14.9.4 Students will apply their knowledge and understanding of chemical and physical interactions to explain present and anticipated technologies (e.g., lasers, ultrasound, superconducting materials, photocopy machines)
07.0.14.9.5 Students will recognize that science and technology often develop faster than society can comprehend their ethical implications
07.0.14.9.6 Students will explore the scientific and technological aspects of contemporary problems (e.g., issues related to nutrition, air quality, natural resources)
07.0.14.9.7 Students will understand that science strives to understand the natural world and seeks explanations for natural phenomena, while technology seeks solutions to human problems and needs
07.0.14.9.8 Students will understand that science, mathematics and technology are interdependent human endeavors with strengths and limitations
07.0.14.9.9 Students will recognize that technological problems often create a demand for new scientific knowledge, while new technologies make it possible for scientists to extend their research or to undertake entirely new lines of research.
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